Speed-governor.



1. W. HOAG.

SPEED GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED IuLYzI. I9I4. IIEIIEwED IAN.29,19I7;

` 1,240,450.A Patented sept. 18,1917.

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I I I I IIIIIIII N- WITNEE 5 I'NvENmI-'I C?" y JW WH0@ I 4 #ai l. W. HOAG. Y

SPEED GOVERNOR.

lAPPLlcATxoN F1LE01uLY21.1e14. RENEwEn 1m29. 1917.

Patented Sept. 18, 1917.

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i Y INVENTH da l UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

JAMES W. HOAG, OF OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA.

SPEED-GOVERNOR.

Application led July 21, 1914, Serial No. 852,306.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

lle it known that I, JnMEslV. HOAG, a citizen of the United States, residing. at Oakland, in the county of Alameda and State of California, have invented a new and useful Speed-Governor, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in speed governors, which are connected to a shaft, driven by a prime motor, or by another driving shaft, and it has for its object to maintain said driven shaft at a uniform rate of speed.

With this in view, I attach the governor Ishaft direct to said driven shaft, so as to run in unison with it, or I gear it to said shaft, so as to run at another proportionate rate of speed, higher or lower, than the speed of said driven shaft,as the requirements might be, and I furnish the governor shaft with an actuating member, adapted to engage and act upon a liquid, contained in a circulating vessel, causing said liquid to circulate with a greater or less velocity, de-V pending upon the speed of said governor shaft, and upon the area of cross section of the channel of the vessel; and I provide a regulating valve whereby the cross section of said channel may be increased or diminished, thus diminishing or increasing the resistance oered to said actuating member and accordingly diminishing or incr rising the hydrostatic pressure Within the l between said actuating member and said rch` lating valve.

The .variation in the intensity of such a pressure is utilized to regulate by means of the proper mechanism the ratio of gearing between the driving and driven shafts, required to maintain the latter at a very nearly constant speed, or to determine the supply of energy to the prime motor for the same purpose of preserving the constant speed of said driven shaft. v

Referring now to the drawings hereunto annexed for a detailed description of my invention v Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of a governor, as applied to a device for a variable ratio of gearing of the friction cone type; and Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of a similar governor as applied to' a steam engine.

1 is a base, provided with the standards 2 and 3, which serve to support the cone Specification of Letters latent.

Patented Sept. 18, 191'?.

Renewed January 29, 1917. Serial No. 145,310.

friction pulleys 4C and 5 of a device for a variable ratio of gearing. At the top of said standards a driving shaft 6 is mounted in the bearings 7, 7 and is provided with a tight pulley 8, driven by a belt 9 in the direction shown .by the arrow. The driving cone friction pulley el is keyed to said shaft 6. The driven shaft 10 is mounted in the bearings l1, 11 and is provided with the cone friction pulley 5, keyed to it, and with the tight pulley 12. .The cones 1l and 5 may be made ofthe same, or of different diameters, according to the ratio of gearing required between the driving and the driven shafts; they are made of the same taper, and are set between the standards 2 and 3, so as to face in opposite directions. The bearings l', 7 and 11, 11 are so arranged on the standards, as to cause the shafts to run parallel; and the distance between them is such, as to bring the adjacent surfaces of the two cones close together, leaving a nar- -row space 13 between them. A short endless belt la is made to run loosely over one of the cones, fitting tightly in the narrow space 13, thus forming a friction contact between the surfaces of the cones.

The relative speed of the cones depends upon` the particular location of the belt lll along the narrow space 13; when brought nearerto the smaller end of the driven cone 5, Athe relative speed of said cone is increased; while, when carried farther away, it is diminished.

The base 1 also carries the circulating vessel filled with a liquid and litted with an actuating member to cause the circulation of said liquid. The circulating vessel may haie a variety of forms and the actuating member may operate in a variety of ways to cause the liquid in the vessel vto circulate, without departing from the principle of my present invention. Here the vessel is shown to consist of a cylindrical body 15, mounted on the basel by the standards 16, so as to be in line with the driven shaft 10. :it the end of the cylindrical body next to the friction clutch a bearing 17 is shown in the cylinder head, fitting the sleeve 18, while through the inner bore of the sleeve the governor shaft 19 is made to pass, being secured at one end to the driven shaft 10, and revolving together with it, and with the other end extending far into the cylinder 15. A screw propeller QOis fitted in the Cdl inner bore of the cylinder, and is secured at one end of the sleeve l", whilegrooved collar 2l is secured at the other end. A pin secured in the sleeve, engages a slotted key `way 23, cut for some distance in the governor shaft 19, connecting the sleeve to said shaft, so as to revolve together, while permitting the sliding motion of the sleeve along said shaft.

A partition 2d is fitted near the other end of the cylindrical part l5 of `tl e circulating vessel, and within said partition a valve opening 25 is bored to fit a conical regulating valve 26. Beyond the partition the cylindrical body extends for af' short distance, where a thread is cut at the eX- treme end, to receive the cylinder head 2?. The regulating valve Q6 is provided with a stem, having a threaded part 28, fitted I to work in the tapped hole in the cylinder head 2T, and the reduced end of the stem is made to pass through a stuiling box 29 outside the vessel, where it receives the hand wheel 30. By turning the hand wheel 30 the area of cross section of the stream of liquid, passing through the valve opening, may be made larger or smaller; an increase in area will diminish the velocity of the stream and the hydrostatic pressure behind the partition 2l; while a decrease in area will increase the speed of the stream and the hydrostatic pressure behind said partition.

The space 3l in the circulating vessel between the partition Qt and the cylinder head 27 is connected by a v-pass 32 with the opposite end of the cylinder.

A lever 83 is pivoted at one end to the base l and is provided at the other end with the forled prongs 8s? and 35, straddling the grooved collar Qi. A pin 3C, held fast in one of said prongs, is made to engage the groove 37 in said collar, thus coupling them together. A belt shifting bar 3S is pivoted at one end to the prong Sel, while the other end, after passing through a guiding block 39 on the standard 2, engages the endless belt le by means of the loop 40. A spiral compression spring el is placed around the governor shaft between the collar 2l and the end of the driven shaft l0, for the purpose of counteracting the hydrostatic pressure on the screw propeller, as hereinafter setforth.

yl`he governor is .first adjusted for the .speed required by. turning the hand wheel 30, so as to close the valve opening or less.

:The shaft 6 is ,driven by the belt 9 from a shaft above (not shown) with a very ir- 25 more regularspeed, and the object of 4the governor is to transmit that irregularl speed A.to thedriyen shaft 10, transforming it at lthe .same time .into a uniform speed.

l: From the arrangements Y of the lcones 4f.

and 5, the belt l-il, and the shifting mechanism it is seen, that the ratio of speeds between the two cones depends upon 'the particular position of the belt lelalong the narrow space 13, and upon the position of the belt shifting mechanism; and that for any particular ratio of speeds between the aforesaid cones there is a corresponding force of the compression spring.

Let us su apose that the shaft G is running for a short time with a uniform speed, equal to its average, and that, to obtain the speed required for the shaft l0, the belt 14rhas to be at the middle of the narrow slot i3. The driven shaft l0, the governor shaft 19 and the screw propeller 2O will revolve for that short length of time at the required uniform speed. The blades of the revolving screw propeller will act upon a definite volume of liquid, forcing. it through the contracted valve opening 25 with a velocity proportionate to said volume` and creating a. hydrostatic pressure in front of the screw propeller sufficient to impart the said velocity. This hydrostatic pressure will react upon the screw propeller, forcing it away from the partition and by moving it to the left, will compress lthe spring Lll.

When the speed of the screw propeller remains constant, the hydrostatic pressure will vary with the square of the spouting velocity of the liquid through the valve opening., and this velocity depends upon the area of cross section of the stream.

ln adjusting the governor to the required speed the hand wheel 30 is turned so as to close the valve opening to such an extent as to bring up the hydrostatic pressure acting upon the' screw propeller high enough i/ el to counterbalance the force of compression ofthe spring` el, when the belt lll is held at the middle of the narrow slot 13 by the shifting mechanism. l

So long as the driving shaft will run with a uniform speed, the belt 14. and the shift- 'l' ing mechanism will remain in the same position, the pressure on the s rew propeller', and the fo ce of the sprng will remain balanced,

lWhen the shaft 6 begins to run at a higher rate of speed than its mean, Vthe belt ligv remaining at the middle of the narrow space 18 as before, the driven shaft 10, together with the governor shaft 19 and the uscrew propeller 20 will also begin -to move at a proportionately higher rate of speed. The hydrostatic pressure acting' upon the'screw propeller will instantly increase, overhala-ncing the opposing force of the spring all,

and will move the screw propeller a d all the belt shifting mechanism to the left up to Y. Y suce a. point, where the force of the spring el will increase sufficiently to again balance the hydrostatic pressure acting upon the propeller. f The advance of the'shifting mechanism to the left will causo the belt 1d to change the point of friction contact between the cones l and 5, changing the ratio of speeds, so as to lower the speed of the driven cone, bringing it very near back to the normal speed.

When the driving shaft 6 will run slower' than the mean speed, the action will be reversed. The diminished speed of the driven shaft 10, and of the governor shaft 19 will cause Vthe screw propeller 20 to move slower and the hydrostatic pressure acting upon the propeller will fall. The spring 1 will eX- pand to a point, where its tension will become diminished to the same extent, and while so expanding will cause the belt shifting mechanism to move to the right, thus changing the ratio of gearing between the cones and 5, so as to increase the speed of the latter, bringing it bach to the normal speed.

The governor can bevery readily adjusted, so as to maintain the driven shaft at a uniform speed, hioher or lower, than the one above stated; the adjustment being made without stopping the machine. For the adjustment of the governor to increase the speed of the driven shaft, the hand wheel 30 is turned, so as to open the regulating valve 26, thus lowering the spouting velocity through the valve opening, and the hydrostatic pressure causing that velocity. The pressure upon the screw propeller will become insuiiicient to counteract the tension of the spring eil, and the latter will extend,

forcing the belt shifting mechanism to the right, thus changing the ratio of the gearing between the driving shaft 6 and the drivenV tain all the irregularities of motion, by auto- Y matically changing the ratio of gearing between the driving anddriven shafts.

The governor may also be employed to sustain a shaft of a primary motor at a uni-` form rate of speed by acting upon the source of supply of energy to said motor. Fig. 2 illustrates the application of my invention togovern an ordinary steam engine. 42 is the frame of the engine, 43 -that of the engine cylinder, -'i the crank, 4:5 the crank shaft. A pair of bevel wheels/i6 and 47 conneet the engine shaft with the governor shaft 19. The circulating vessel 15 of the governor is placed near the throttle valve d6, located in the steam delivery pipe of the engine. The action of the circulating liquid of the governor remains the same; an increase in speed ofthe engine shaft will cause the screw propeller to move farther to the left, compressing the spring `41, and the grooved collar 21, acting upon the lever 47 of the throttle valve through the medium of the leverLS, and the link 4:9, will'move said lever 47 to the right, partly closing the throttle valve and diminishing the amount of steam admitted to the cylinder, kwill thus reduce the speed of the engine shaft. A fall in speed will cause the governor to act in the opposite direction, and cause the supply of steam to be increased, so as to bring the engine shaft to the normal speed.

Having thus described my invention, what l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1-

1. A speed governor comprising a vessel provided withva circulating channel, a liquid' carried by said vessel, a driven member, a source causing the motion of `said driven member, a governor shaft, an actuating member operated by said governor shaft, adapted to act upon said liquid, so asto` create a hydrostatic pressure within said vessel, mechanism adapted to be acted upon by said pressure and forced to move in onedirection for a greater or less distance varying with the said pressure, means adapted to act yieldingly upon said mechanism so as to coiniterbalance the force of said variable pressure at 'eaclrposition of said mechanism and means connecting said mechanisni with said source.

2. A speed governor comprising a vessel Vprovided with a circulating channel, a liquid carried by said vessel, a driven member, 'a source causing the motion of said member, a governor shaft, an actuating member operated by said governor shaft adapted to act upon said liquid, so as to create a hydrostatic pressure within said vessel, mechanism adapted to be acted upon by said pressure and forced to move in one direction for a greater or less distance varying with the said pressure, a spring adapted to counterbalance the force of saidY varying pressure at each position of said mechanism, and means connectingA said mechanism with said source.

3. A speed governor comprising a vessel provided with a circulating channel, a liquid carried by said vessel, a driven member, a

`source causing thev motion of said' driven member, a governor shaft, a slidably mounted on said governor shaft rotating in unison with it adapted to act upousaid liquid, so as to createV a hydrostatic pressure within said vessel and to be reacted upon by, said pressure and forced to screw propeller move in one direction, means acting yieldingly upon said propeller adapted te counycarried by said vessel, a driven member, a

source causing the motion of said member, a governor shaft, a screiv propeller slidably mounted on said governor shaft, rotating in unison with it adapted to act upony said Aliquid as to create a hydrostatic pressure `within said vessel and to be reacted upon by said pressure and forced to move in one direction, a spring adapted to counterbalance the 'torce of saidpressure, and means conne ng said propeller with said source.

o. A speed governor comprising a vessel provided with a circulating channel, a liquid carried by said vessel, a driven member, a source causing the motion ofsaid driven member, a governor shaft, an actuating member operated by said governor shaft, adapted to act upon said liquid, so as to create av hydri'istatic pressure Within said vessel, varying With the speed of said actuating member, Amechanism adapted to be acted upon by said varying hydrostatic pressure and forced to move in one direction, and means acting yieldingly upon said mechanism and adaptedto counterbalance the force of said variable pressure, a shifting member adapted to be acted upon by the said counterbalancing opposing forces and to vary in position at each variation of the intensity of said forces, and means connecting said shifting member with said source so as to determine the action of the latter by the position of the former.

G. A speed governor comprising` a vessel provided with a circulatinc' channel, a liquid carried by said vessel, a driven member, a source causing the motion of said member, a governor shaft, an actuating membeil operated by said governor shaft adapted to act upon said liquid so as to create a hydrostatic pressure Within said vessel, mechanism adapted to be acted upon by said pressure and forced to move in one direction for a greater or less distance, varying ivith the said pressure, means acting yieldingly upon said mechanism and adapted to counterbalance the force of said variable pressure at each position of said mechanism, means connecting said mechanism With said source adapted to determine the action of the latter by the intensity of the hydrostatic pressure upon the former, and means for changing the area of cross section ofI the channel for the purpose of increasing` or decreasing the said hydrostatic pressure.

7. ln a speed governor the combination of a circulating vessel comprising a main body, a partition, a valve opening Within said partition and a Yby-pass connecting the space beyond the partition with the forward end of said main body, a liquid carried by said circulating vessel, a governor shaft, actuating` mechanism operated by said governor shaft, adapted to act upon 'said liquid, forcing it to pass through said opening and creating a hydrostatic pressure behind said opening, mechanism. adapted to be acted upon by said pressure and forced to move in one direction for a greater or less distance, varying ivith the said pressure, means acting yieldingly adapted to counterbalance the force of said variable pressure at each position of said mechanism, means connecting said mechanism With said source adapted to determine the action of the latter by the position of the former, and a regulating valve adapted to increase or decrease the said valve opening in order to change the adjustment of the governor to the desired rate of speed.

8. A speed governor comprising a driving shaft, a cone pulley carried by said shaft, a driven shaft, a cone pulley carried by said driven shaft, the tivo said pulleys being so placed as to face'in opposite directions, and to leave a narrow space between their adc joining surfaces, an endless belt Working in saidnarroiv, space forming a friction contact between said cones, a circulating vessel, a liquid carried by said vessel, an actuating member operated by said driven shaft, adapted to act upon said liquid, so as to create a hydrostatic pressure Within said vessel, mechanism adapted to be acted upon by said hydrostatic pressure and forced to move in one direct-ion, means acting yieldingly upon said mechanism, adapted to counterbalance the force of said pressure, and means connecting said mechanism with Said endless belt for the purpose of shifting the latter along the saidnarroiv space. y

i JAMES WV. HOAG. lVitnesse's:

F. V. SCHILLER, NETTIE HAMILTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ivecents each, by addressingvthe Commissioner of raten,- Washngton, D. G. 

